The term "Baroque" likely derives from the Portuguese word "barucco", translating to "irregular pearl". Originating in the late 16th century as a successor to Mannerism, Baroque art was pioneered by Italian artist Caravaggio, who introduced a realistic and dark style, diverging sharply from the artistic norms of his time. Concurrently, Carraci also played a pivotal role in Rome, his work profoundly influencing the burgeoning Baroque style. It was art critics who, years after its inception, coined the term "Baroque" to describe this style, distinguished by its exaggerated movement, lavish decoration, dramatic effects, and overall exuberance.
Baroque art found its way across Europe, propelled by the Roman Catholic Church, which utilized the style to convey and promote religious themes, leaving believers profoundly affected by the emotive and energetic essence of these artworks. While initiated by Italian artists, the Baroque style soon became synonymous with Flemish artists such as Rubens, Rembrandt, and Vermeer. Additionally, several French and Spanish painters like Lorrain and Velasquez significantly contributed to the spread and evolution of this intricate and opulent style.
By 1730, the lavish and extravagant Baroque style gave way to the Rococo style. However, the transition is not stark, as Rococo is often characterized as a continuation or "late Baroque", maintaining many elements of its predecessor. The evolution of art styles reflects the shifting cultural and aesthetic values of their respective epochs, with Baroque art serving as a timeless testament to the boundless drama and exuberance inherent in artistic expression.
